One of the most essential and closely-monitored circulation systems on planet Earth is much closer than previously thought to failure, which would have severe climatic repercussions around the globe. First described by Benjamin Franklin, the Gulf Stream constantly moves an immense amount of warm tropical water from the Caribbean up the Eastern Seaboard, past Greenland, where it warms up Europe before sinking. Known scientifically as the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), this is a critical part of the planet-wide oceanic circulation which largely drives climate on land.
A recent study by the University of Bordeaux claims that new data indicates that the AMOC will weaken to half its strength by the end of the century. The reason is due to rising temperatures melting the Greenland and Arctic ice masses. The flood of fresh water dilutes the salty waters coming up from the south before they cool and sink, disrupting the flow. In effect, this is like abruptly turning down the planet’s thermostat. Europe would then suffer much harsher winters — but that would be just the beginning. Here are some of the effects:
- Temperatures across Europe plummet as the Gulf Stream fails.
- Winters in the UK become up to 7°C (12.57°F) colder on average.
- Agriculture may become unsustainable across parts of Northern Europe.
- Ice sheets may encroach from the Arctic, potentially covering parts of Scotland.
- Temperatures in the Southern Hemisphere will rise, leading to violent storms and droughts over Africa.
- Temperatures over the Antarctic could increase by more than 10°C (18°F).
- Antarctic ice sheets and glaciers will melt, leading to rising sea levels and widespread flooding.
Most likely North America would suffer in much the same way as Europe. Ironically, the good news is that due to climate change, there will be no more worries about climate change and hothouse Earth if the planet enters a new Ice Age. The bad news, of course, is famine, widespread starvation, massive population migrations, wars, and countless people and animals freezing to death.
